Yale School of Public Health outlining COVID-19 is not mild
Yale School of Public Health outlining COVID-19 is not mild
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![Five years with SARS-CoV-2 in our midst, and the CDC reports that 43 million Americans have experienced Long COVID. Some have recovered, but roughly 17 million - the same number of people who have cancer in the U.S. - still deal with the condition, and that number continues to grow. At Yale, Dr. Akiko Iwasaki's laboratory is investigating how the virus can create long-lasting impacts on the immune system. And with many left incapacitated by the novel condition and at risk from rolled-back mitigations, the desperate need for answers grows. "There is a lot we don't know," Dr. Iwasaki says. "Based on our insights of the drivers of Long COVID disease, we need to develop diagnostics and therapies that restore healthy immune systems and [people's] health back to normal." As the CDC states, Long COVID can happen to anyone. But thanks to the dedicated work of scientists like Dr. Iwasaki across the world, there are a few knowns. Scroll through for the explanations we have, and the ones 17 million Americans, and counting, need. Correction: We've updated slide 6 to read 72%, not 172%, though other studies have found the risk of autoimmune disorders increased by 198% following infection.](https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/W-3rKexgyN-kbjFtznMwGtml_CFiOH-RXtWHVrOrj0oHJjhbWFUCRt43n2qnpD6AUxhKcatv80CTfWD8x9Z2NJQb0ci2mO-RC51OJMzkb3P-8xULngS2G_esIttZ17xGAg=w1280)
This was published on Yale's Public Health's Facebook page on April 19, 2024. Secondarily published to pdflink.to - uploaded by principal author. Here below too as a slide carousel:
COVID-19 and Immune System Impacts, Source Citations
Slide 2:
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Library, COVID Impacts https://libguides.mskcc.org/CovidImpacts/Immune
Slide 3:
NIH, Severe COVID-19 May Cause Long-Term Immune System Changes https://covid19.nih.gov/news-and-stories/severe-covid-19-may-cause-long-term- immune-system-changes
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Library, COVID Impacts https://libguides.mskcc.org/CovidImpacts/Immune
Viral afterlife: SARS-CoV-2 as a reservoir of immunomimetic peptides that reassemble into proinflammatory supramolecular complexes https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2300644120
Nature Immunology, Immune dysregulation in long COVID https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-024-01795-z
Nature Immunology, Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-021-01113-x
Nature Immunology, Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01724-6
Nature, Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37748514/
Cell, Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35216672/ • eClinical Medicine, Risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination: a population-based cohort study https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PlIS2589-5370(23)00331-0/fulltext |
Slide 4:
World Health Organization, Post COVID-19 condition (Long COVID) https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/post-COVID-19-condition
Nature Reviews Immunology, The immunology of long COVID https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-023-00904-7
CDC Long COVID Household Pulse Survey, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/pulse/long-covid.htm
Slide 5:
Statistics Canada, Experiences of Canadians with long-term symptoms following COVID-19 https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/75-006-x/2023001/article/00015- eng.htm
NPJ Vaccines, Effect of monovalent COVID-19 vaccines on viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and several DNA viruses in patients with long-COVID syndrome https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-023-00739-2
Int. Journal of Molecular Science, SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections and Long COVID in the Post-Omicron Phase of the Pandemic https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC104545522
Nature Medicine, Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02051-3
Slide 6:
eClinical Medicine (The Lancet), Risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination: a population-based cohort study https://www.thelancet.com/joumals/eclinm/article/PlIS2589-5370(23)00331- O/fulltext
• Nature Reviews Rheumatology, High risk of autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41584-023-00964-y
• Cedars-Sinai, COVID-19 Can Trigger Self-Attacking Antibodies https://www.cedars-sinai.org/newsroom/covid-19-can-trigger-self-attacking: antibodies/
• Journal of Translational Medicine, Paradoxical sex-specific pattems of autoantibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection https://translational: medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-021-03184-8
Clinical Rheumatology, COVID-19 and rheumatic autoimmune systemic diseases: report of a large Italian patients series https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450255/
Slide 7:
Family Medicine and Community Health (BMJ), Association of COVID-19 with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children aged 0-5 years in the USA in 2022: a multicentre retrospective cohort study https://fmch.bmj.com/content/11/4/e002456
Frontiers in Immunology, Saliva antibody-fingerprint of reactivated latent viruses after mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 is unique in patients with myalgic-encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.9497 87/full|
Nature, Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37748514/
Cell, Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/352166721
Slide 8:
The Lancet Regional Health, Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among Swedish healthcare workers on duty in December 2023 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(24)00038- 3/fulltext
CDC, Covid-19, Ventilation in Buildings https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/ventilation.html
Slide 9:
Science, Lessons in Persistence https://www.science.org/content/article/long= covid-trials-aim-clear-lingering-virus-help-patients-need
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